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AC-1
AC-2
AC-3 AC-4 AC-5 AC-6 AC-7 AC-8 AC-9 AC-10 AC-11 AC-12 AC-13 AC-14 AC-15 AC-16 AC-17 AC-18 AC-19 AC-20 AC-21 AC-22 AC-23 AC-24 AC-25 AC-26 AC-27 AC-28 AC-29
BAC-1 BAC-2 BAC-3 BAC-4 BAC-5

AC-2 - Dense fine speckled

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Commonly found as high titer HEp-2 IIFA-positive in apparently healthy individuals or in patients who do not have a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD).
Mariz, Sato, Barbosa et al., 2011.
The negative association with SARD is only valid if the autoreactivity is confirmed as being directed to DFS70 (also known as LEDGF/p75) and if no other common ENA is recognized.
Mahler, Parker, Peebles et al., 2012
Watanabe, Kodera, Sugiura et al., 2004
Both in apparently healthy individuals as well as patients who do not have a SARD the AC-2 pattern may be caused by autoantibodies to other antigens than DFS70.
Ochs, Mahler, Basu et al., 2016
Confirmatory assays for anti-DFS70 antibodies may be available only in specialty clinical laboratories.
Damoiseaux, Andrade, Carballo et al., 2019