AC-13 - PCNA-like
Descrição
Pleomorphic speckled nucleoplasmic staining, with variability in size and brightness of the speckles. In interphase, some cells are negative (G1 phase), some are intensely stained (S-phase) and some present rare and scattered speckles with occasional nucleolar staining (late S and early G2 phases). Mitotic cells are not stained.
Associação Antigênica
PCNA
Doença Associada
SLE, other conditions.
Relevância Clínica (Primeiro Nível)
The AC-13 pattern has formerly been considered highly specific for SLE, but this specificity is debated.
If SLE is clinically suspected, it is recommended to perform a follow-up test for anti-PCNA antibodies; the antigen is included in several routine ENA profiles.
Recent studies with antigen-specific immunoassays show clinical associations also with SSc, AIM, RA, HCV, and other conditions.
Relevância Clínica (Segundo Nível)
A major challenge in deriving an association of the AC-13 pattern with antibodies to the classical 35 kDa PCNA (elongation factor of DNA polymerase delta auxiliary protein) is that “PCNA” is known to be a macromolecular complex where targets other than the ‘classical’ 35 kDa PCNA are present. In addition, a number of other apparently unrelated targets can also produce an AC-13-like pattern by HEp-2 IIFA.
Referências
Hsu TC, Tsay GJ, Chen TY, et al. Anti-PCNA autoantibodies preferentially recognize C-terminal of PCNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2006;144:110–6.
Miyachi K, Fritzler MJ, Tan EM. Autoantibody to a nuclear antigen in proliferating cells. J Immunol 1978;121:2228–34.
Mahler M, Burlingame RW, Wu J, et al. Serological and clinical associations of anti-PCNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus detected by a novel chemiluminescence assay. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63.
Mahler M, Miyachi K, Peebles C, et al. The clinical significance of autoantibodies to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Autoimmun Rev 2012;11:771–5.
Takeuchi K, Kaneda K, Kawakami I, et al. Autoantibodies recognizing proteins copurified with PCNA in patients with connective tissue diseases. Mol Biol Rep 1996;23:243-6.
Vermeersch P, De Beeck KO, Lauwerys BR, et al. Antinuclear antibodies directed against proliferating cell nuclear antigen are not specifically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:1791–3.